Philanthropy: The Citizens' Social Capital Amidst the Pandemic

Arpannudin & Suryadi examine how Indonesian philanthropic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic is deeply rooted in cultural values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and religiosity. They highlight that giving, in this context, functions as a powerful form of civic social capital, fostering solidarity, civic education, and mutual support among citizens. The authors argue that philanthropy serves as a crucial bridge for relationships among citizens, communities, and the state during times of crisis, demonstrating its fundamental role in collective resilience and social cohesion.