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India’s projected economic growth by 2050 necessitates accelerated industrialization, impacting the environment. The Indian government has introduced mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) guidelines for Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) since 2010 to foster sustainable and inclusive development. This study analyzes policy documents and interviews PSU managers to identify challenges in linking CSR with sustainable development. Four key areas requiring attention are stakeholder engagement, institutional mechanisms, capacity building, and knowledge management. Effective implementation demands streamlined government-public sector and public sector-community engagement, robust institutional frameworks, enhanced managerial understanding of CSR and sustainability, and mechanisms for knowledge sharing from early experiences.